The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway that regulates essential cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This pathway is activated in response to various extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, and nutrients.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key enzyme in this pathway that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol lipids to generate second messenger molecules that activate downstream signaling molecules. Akt, also known as protein kinase B, is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by PI3K and plays a central role in regulating cell growth and survival.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that integrates signals from PI3K/Akt to regulate various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, metabolism, and autophagy. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been associated with numerous diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Understanding the mechanisms governing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is crucial for the development of targeted therapies for diseases characterized by aberrant signaling in this pathway. Research in this field continues to uncover new insights into the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in health and disease.
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