Cell apoptosis is a crucial process in which cells self-destruct in a controlled manner in response to various signals. It plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by eliminating unwanted or damaged cells to prevent the spread of diseases and maintain overall health.
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that involves a series of signaling pathways that ultimately lead to cell death. These pathways can be categorized into extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, each triggered by different stimuli.
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by external signals, such as cytokines or death ligands, binding to cell surface receptors, leading to the activation of caspases and ultimately cell death. On the other hand, the intrinsic pathway is triggered by internal signals, such as DNA damage or mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspases.
Understanding the signaling pathways involved in cell apoptosis is essential for developing therapeutic interventions for various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting these pathways can help regulate cell death and promote cell survival, offering new strategies for treating a wide range of conditions.
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