Modified nucleotides are a subcategory of signaling pathways that play crucial roles in various cellular processes. These nucleotides are altered by enzymes to create modified versions that have different functions than their regular counterparts. They serve as important signaling molecules that can convey information within the cell or between cells.
One example of modified nucleotides is cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is produced from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase. cAMP is involved in many signaling pathways, including those that control gene expression, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Another important modified nucleotide is GTP, which is essential for regulating cell growth, differentiation, and protein synthesis.
Other modified nucleotides include cGMP, which is commonly involved in signaling pathways related to vision and muscle relaxation, and dAMP, which has been shown to regulate cell growth and DNA replication. Overall, modified nucleotides play diverse and critical roles in cellular signaling and are key components of various signaling pathways.
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