4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. 4- HNE is widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation. It is also in higher quantities during oxidative stress due to the increase in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity. It also inhibits Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) via thiol-specific modification.
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