Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed: 14976261, PubMed: 32433612). Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of uridine-containing single strand RNAs (ssRNAs) of viral origin or guanosine analogs (PubMed: 31608988, PubMed: 27742543, PubMed: 12738885). Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed: 27742543). In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed: 27742543).
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