Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a natural product formed in all mammalian cells as a product of lipid peroxidation. MDA is a highly reactive three carbon dialdehyde produced as a byproduct of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation and arachidonic acid metabolism. MDA readily combines with several functional groups on molecules including proteins, lipoproteins, and DNA. It reacts with DNA to form adducts to deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine. The major adduct to DNA is a pyrimidopurinone called M1G which appears to be a major endogenous DNA adduct in human beings that may contribute significantly to cancer linked to lifestyle and dietary factors. MDA modified proteins may show altered physico chemical behavior and antigenicity. MDA is toxic and has been implicated in aging mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, diabetic nephropathy and radiation damage. Increased expression of MDA has been reported in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. Antibodies to MDA will help to visualize the MDA adducts.
Rat Leukotriene B4 receptor 1, LTB4R ELISA Kit, E0941Ra
Receptor for extracellular ATP > UTP and ADP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May be the cardiac P2Y receptor involved in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction through modulation of L-type calcium currents. Is a receptor for leukotriene B4, a potent chemoattractant involved in inflammation and immune response.
Human Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 1, LRP1 ELISA Kit, E2298Hu
Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. LRP1 is widely expressed on many cell types including neurons, adipocytes, hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages, and megakaryocytes. Human LRP1 is an N-glycosylated and sialylated molecule that is cleaved in the Golgi apparatus to produce an 85 kDa transmembrane beta chain and a 515 kDa alpha chain that associates noncovalently with the beta chain but does not itself cross the membrane.
Human L-Dihydroxyphenyalanine, L-DOPA ELISA Kit, E1946Hu
L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is an amino acid found in the biosynthesis of catecholamines in animals and plants.
Human Lipocalin 2, LCN2 ELISA Kit, E1429Hu
Lipocalin-2 (also known as Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin or NGAL) is an iron binding and iron trafficking protein. Lipocalin-2 is involved in multiple cellular processes including apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development. Mice deficient in Lipocalin-2 appear normal but have increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. The bacteriostatic function may be related to Lipocalin-2 limiting bacterial iron supply. Human Lipocalin-2 has 62% protein sequence identity to mouse Lipocalin-2.
Human Lipoarabinomannan, LAM ELISA Kit, E1441Hu
Lipoarabinomannan was the most potentmycobacterial lipid antigen (activation of 1.3% T lymphocytes) andactivated CD1b-restricted T cells that limited bacterial growth.
Human Kisspeptin-1, KISS1 ELISA Kit, E3122Hu
Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-10 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-10, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-10 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine-tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood.
Rat Insulin, INS ELISA Kit, E0707Ra
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
Bovine Insulin, INS ELISA Kit, E0015Bo
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
Bovine Interleukin 6, IL-6 ELISA Kit, E0001Bo
Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response and plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells. IL6 is involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation and IL-6 induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth as well as nerve cells differentiation. B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoeitic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS are all responsive to IL6. IL6 is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance.