Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (PubMed: 11336787, PubMed: 11359874, PubMed: 26611206). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (PubMed: 11359874). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (PubMed: 11336787). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (PubMed: 26611206). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (PubMed: 10617103, PubMed: 11359874).
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